up:: 061e MOC Teorias Econômicas

“The essence of the new Keynesian approach is to recognize the importance of a whole variety of real-world imperfections (Stiglitz, 2000; 2002). By rebuilding the microfoundations of Keynesian economics utilizing the findings of modern microeconomic theory, new Keynesian theorists have established a research programme aimed at rectifying the theoretical flaws which permeated the supply side of the ‘old’ Keynesian model (see Snowdon and Vane, 1995). Because the typical market economy is riddled with numerous imperfections, aggregate supply does respond to changes in aggregate demand.” (SNOWDON & VANE, p. 360; grifo meu)

“The paramount task facing Keynesian theorists is to remedy the theoretical flaws and inconsistencies in the old Keynesian model. Therefore, new Keynesian theorists aim to construct a coherent theory of aggregate supply where wage and price rigidities can be rationalized.” (Ibid, p. 361; grifo meu)

Os novos keynesianos (New Keynesian School) buscaram microfundamentos para os modelos keynesianos. Dentre esses microfundamentos estão a adição de imperfeições de mercado (nominais e reais) que ajudassem a explicar flutuações de mercado1, i.e. descompassos entre a oferta e Demanda, o non-market-clearing.

Diferentemente dos Novos-Clássicos, assume-se aqui Mercados Imperfeitamente Competitivos, o que dá margem para Rigidez Nominal, como p. ex. Custos de Menu — esse é o foco teórico principal da “primeira fase” da escola novo-keynesiana, segundo Greenwald & Stiglitz (1993).


References

  • SNOWDON, B.; VANE, H. R. Modern Macroeconomics: Its Origins, Development and Current State. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005.
  • BALL, L.; ROMER, D. Real rigidities and the non-neutrality of money. The Review of Economic Studies, v. 57, n. 2, p. 183–203, 1990.
  • DORNBUSCH, R. Expectations and Exchange Rate Dynamics. Journal of Political Economy, v. 84, n. 6, p. 1161–1176, dez. 1976.
  • FISCHER, S. Long-Term Contracts, Rational Expectations, and the Optimal Money Supply Rule. Journal of Political Economy, v. 85, n. 1, p. 191–205, fev. 1977.
  • GREENWALD, B.; STIGLITZ, J. New and old Keynesians. Journal of economic perspectives, v. 7, n. 1, p. 23–44, 1993.

Footnotes

  1. Uma forma de ver isso é a adição de “areia”/“atritos” aos modelos prévios, de forma a que estes se assemelhassem mais ao mundo real: “New Keynesianism throws bucketfuls of grit into the smooth-running neoclassical paradigms” (LESLIE apud SNOWDON & VANE, p. 365).